Complete Guide to Barcode Formats
Understanding different barcode formats is crucial for choosing the right code for your specific
needs. Each format has unique characteristics, data capacity, and industry applications.
CODE128 - The Most Versatile Barcode
CODE128 is the most popular linear barcode format due to its high data density and versatility. It
can encode all 128 ASCII characters including letters, numbers, and symbols.
- Data Capacity: Up to 80 characters (alphanumeric)
- Character Set: Full ASCII (0-127)
- Applications: Shipping labels, inventory management, healthcare, logistics
- Advantages: High data density, excellent error detection, widely supported
- Industry Use: FedEx, UPS, DHL use CODE128 for tracking numbers
EAN13 - European Article Number
EAN13 is the international standard for retail product identification, used worldwide except in North
America where UPC is preferred.
- Data Capacity: Exactly 13 digits
- Structure: Country code (2-3 digits) + Company code + Product code + Check
digit
- Applications: Retail products, books (ISBN), magazines
- Global Usage: Over 150 countries use EAN13 system
- Check Digit: Built-in error detection using modulo-10 algorithm
UPC (Universal Product Code)
UPC is the North American standard for retail products, similar to EAN13 but with 12 digits instead
of 13.
- Data Capacity: Exactly 12 digits
- Structure: Company prefix + Item reference + Check digit
- Applications: US and Canadian retail products
- Variants: UPC-A (standard) and UPC-E (compressed for small items)
- Registration: Requires GS1 company prefix for commercial use
CODE39 - Simple and Reliable
CODE39 was the first alphanumeric barcode and remains popular for non-retail applications due to its
simplicity.
- Data Capacity: Variable length, typically 20-25 characters
- Character Set: 0-9, A-Z, and 7 special characters (- . $ / + % space)
- Applications: Government, defense, healthcare, automotive
- Self-Checking: Built-in error detection without check digit
- Military Use: Standard for US Department of Defense (MIL-STD-1189)
EAN8 - Compact Product Codes
EAN8 is a shortened version of EAN13, designed for small products where space is limited.
- Data Capacity: Exactly 8 digits
- Applications: Small products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals
- Size Advantage: 60% smaller than EAN13
- Registration: Requires special approval from GS1
ITF14 - Shipping Container Codes
ITF14 (Interleaved 2 of 5) is specifically designed for shipping containers and case-level packaging.
- Data Capacity: Exactly 14 digits
- Applications: Shipping containers, wholesale packaging
- Quiet Zones: Requires large margins for reliable scanning
- Bearer Bars: Often includes horizontal bars above and below for protection